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1,4-DIOXANE

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1,4-Dioxane Contamination in Tampa Bay Drinking Water

1,4-Dioxane is an emerging contaminant that has been detected in drinking water supplies across Tampa Bay. This probable human carcinogen is concerning for public health and requires effective treatment solutions. In this article, we'll examine the presence of 1,4-dioxane in the region, associated health risks, and water treatment options to remove this contaminant.


What is 1,4-Dioxane?

1,4-Dioxane, also known as dioxane, is a clear liquid that easily dissolves in water. It is a likely human carcinogen and emerging contaminant of concern. Dioxane is a byproduct of industrial processes and found in many consumer goods like shampoos, cosmetics, and detergents. Over time, it has permeated into ground and surface waters from discharge of wastewater effluent into lakes, rivers, and aquifers.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a health advisory limit of 35 parts per billion (ppb) for 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. However, it is currently unregulated at the federal level and not all states set legal limits. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, short-term exposure above advisory levels can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, lung damage, headaches, dizziness, and kidney and liver damage. Long-term exposure is associated with increased cancer risk.


Widespread 1,4-Dioxane Contamination in Tampa Bay

Recent testing has detected 1,4-dioxane at concerning levels in public water systems and private wells across Tampa Bay counties. This is likely due to the large number of wastewater discharge sites and reclaimed water usage that impact local surface and groundwater.


Pinellas County

The cities of Clearwater, Largo, Oldsmar, Pinellas Park, and St. Petersburg have all detected 1,4-dioxane above the EPA health advisory. Over 90% of St. Petersburg's drinking water is supplied by surface waters, which are vulnerable to contamination from wastewater effluent. Dioxane has also impacted private wells, especially in areas near reclaimed water irrigation. Neighborhoods like Crystal Beach, Ozona, Palm Harbor, and Tarpon Springs have reported detections exceeding health advisory levels.


Pasco County

Pasco County utilities have reported low levels of 1,4-dioxane, especially in areas using advanced wastewater treatment for reclaimed water. The cities of New Port Richey and Port Richey, as well as communities like Elfers, Holiday, and Seven Springs have seen increased dioxane levels in groundwater sources. Private wells located near reclaimed water sites are most at risk.


Hillsborough County

The Hillsborough County Water Department has detected 1,4-dioxane above EPA advisory levels in several county water systems. Impacted city and county neighborhoods include Sun City Center, Gibsonton, Apollo Beach, Riverview, Brandon, and Valrico. Dioxane has also been found in private wells, often correlated with proximity to reclaimed water supplies.


Widespread Impact

While 1,4-dioxane contamination is prevalent across the greater Tampa Bay region, it is important to test your specific water source. Since it readily dissolves in water and leaches into groundwater supplies, contamination can impact both municipal and private well sources. Routine testing is crucial for identifying contamination issues.


Health Concerns of 1,4-Dioxane

The biggest risk associated with 1,4-dioxane contamination is increased cancer risk. According to the EPA, short-term exposure above advisory levels can also cause kidney and liver damage.


1,4-Dioxane is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the EPA due to conclusive animal studies. However, the direct link to cancer in humans is considered likely, but still inconclusive. Exposure over many years is thought to cause cell mutations that could eventually lead to tumor growth. Minimizing exposure now is important for reducing future cancer risk.


People with private wells are especially vulnerable since they bear responsibility for monitoring and treating their own water. However, 1,4-dioxane can also easily penetrate public water supplies, putting entire communities at risk. Infants, children, elderly, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and immunocompromised individuals may be more susceptible to negative health impacts.


While EPA's 35 ppb health advisory provides guidance, some health experts argue that it does not go far enough to protect public health since it represents a 1-in-10,000 lifetime cancer risk. States like Vermont and Massachusetts have enacted more stringent regulatory limits between 0.3 to 2 ppb. Either way, the widespread detections across Tampa Bay often exceed these recommended levels, making treatment imperative.


Treating 1,4-Dioxane in Drinking Water

Because 1,4-dioxane easily dissolves in water and cannot be removed through conventional carbon filtration, specialized treatment solutions are required. The most effective options include:


  • AquaRevive Reverse Osmosis can remove up to 99% of 1,4-dioxane through its multi-stage filtration process. The addition of a polishing carbon filter ensures optimal contaminant reduction.

  • WellFusion Well Water Treatment Systems use bleach injection to oxidize and break down dioxane molecules into safer byproducts. This effective whole home treatment option installs at your well head.

  • HydroTech Pro Commercial Water Treatment employs advanced oxidation through UV light and ozone injection. This process damages the dioxane molecule, allowing multi-media filters to capture and remove contaminants.

  • Point-of-use under sink reverse osmosis systems can also effectively treat dioxane for drinking and cooking uses. Look for systems certified to reduce VOCs and 1,4-dioxane.


Proper ongoing maintenance is crucial for ensuring contaminant removal. Annual testing will verify treatment effectiveness and determine if adjustments are needed. For the safest water, combine systems when possible. Reverse osmosis coupled with UV-oxidation provides optimal protection.


Protect Your Health from Water Contaminants

1,4-dioxane represents one of many emerging water contaminants that can infiltrate drinking water supplies if left unchecked. Routine testing is the only way to detect threats specific to your water source. Once identified, specialized water treatment can remove risks before they impact your health.


Learn more about water testing and treatment options for your home or business:

Schedule Your FREE Water Test Today: 727-236-7161


Sources

EPA 1,4-Dioxane Fact Sheet

ATSDR 1,4-Dioxane Toxicological Profile

Tampa Bay Times - This likely carcinogen has polluted Florida's water for decades. Officials are just now understanding the full extent

Environmental Working Group - 1,4-Dioxane Contamination Widespread

WHAT OUR CLIENTS ARE SAYING ABOUT US

  • What is hard water?
    Answer: Hard water is water that contains high levels of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium.
  • What are the signs of hard water in Florida?
    Answer: Signs of hard water in Florida include white or yellowish buildup on faucets and appliances, soap scum in sinks and showers, and dry, itchy skin.
  • How does a water softener work?
    Answer: A water softener works by removing the minerals that cause water hardness and replacing them with sodium ions through a process called ion exchange.
  • How often should I add salt to my water softener?
    Answer: You should add salt to your water softener tank as needed, typically every 4-6 weeks, depending on your household water usage.
  • Is softened water safe to drink?
    Answer: Yes, softened water is safe to drink. However, if you have concerns about the sodium content, you may want to consider installing a reverse osmosis drinking water system.
  • What are the benefits of using a water softener in Florida?
    Answer: Benefits of using a water softener in Florida include softer, smoother skin, cleaner dishes and clothes, longer lifespan for appliances and plumbing, and reduced buildup on fixtures and surfaces.
  • How do I know if I need a water softener in Florida?
    Answer: If you notice signs of hard water, such as buildup on fixtures or appliances, soap scum, or dry skin, you may benefit from a water softener. You can also have your water tested to determine its hardness level.
  • Can I install a water softener myself?
    Answer: While it is possible to install a water softener yourself, it is recommended that you hire a professional to ensure proper installation and performance.
  • How much does a water softener cost in Florida?
    Answer: The cost of a water softener in Florida varies depending on the size and type of system, as well as installation and maintenance costs. On average, a basic system can range from $500 to $5,000.
  • How often should I have my water softener serviced in Florida?
    Answer: You should have your water softener serviced annually to ensure it is functioning properly and to maintain optimal performance.
  • What is reverse osmosis and how does it work?
    Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove contaminants from water. Water is forced through the membrane, which traps pollutants and allows clean water to pass through.
  • What types of contaminants can reverse osmosis systems remove?
    Reverse osmosis systems can remove a wide range of contaminants, including chlorine, fluoride, lead, arsenic, bacteria, viruses, and other harmful particles.
  • Do I need a reverse osmosis system if I already have a water softener?
    A water softener and a reverse osmosis system serve different purposes. While a water softener removes hard minerals like calcium and magnesium, a reverse osmosis system removes a wider range of contaminants.
  • Is reverse osmosis water safe to drink?
    Yes, reverse osmosis water is safe to drink. In fact, many people prefer the taste of reverse osmosis water over tap water due to its purity and lack of chemicals.
  • Do I need to replace the reverse osmosis membrane over time?
    Yes, the reverse osmosis membrane will need to be replaced periodically to ensure optimal performance of the system.
  • How often should I change the filters in my reverse osmosis system?
    It is recommended to change the filters in your reverse osmosis system every 6-12 months, depending on usage and water quality.
  • Can a reverse osmosis system be installed under my sink?
    Yes, most reverse osmosis systems are designed to fit under the sink for easy installation and convenience.
  • How much water does a reverse osmosis system waste?
    Reverse osmosis systems typically waste about 3-5 gallons of water for every gallon of purified water produced, but some systems are designed to be more efficient.
  • Will a reverse osmosis system remove beneficial minerals from my water?
    Yes, a reverse osmosis system will remove some beneficial minerals from your water along with the contaminants. However, these minerals can be easily replenished through a healthy diet or supplements.
  • Can I install a reverse osmosis system myself or should I hire a professional?
    While it is possible to install a reverse osmosis system yourself, it is recommended to hire a professional to ensure proper installation and optimal performance of the system.

Reviews from our amazing customers

Alexandra O

average rating is 5 out of 5, based on 150 votes, Product ratings

Tampa, FL

I recently had Aqua-Wise Water Treatment install a 96k grains water softener, carbon, and RO system in my home in Tampa. Living in an area with various contaminants, including PFAS, I was in search of a comprehensive water treatment solution, and Aqua-Wise delivered. The 96k grains water softener effectively addresses hard water issues, ensuring a noticeable improvement in water quality. The addition of a carbon filtration system enhances the removal of impurities, and the RO system provides an extra layer of purification, crucial for combating contaminants like PFAS.I can already feel the positive impact on both my appliances and overall well-being. Choosing Aqua-Wise Water Treatment has proven to be a wise decision, providing my family with clean, softened water that exceeds our expectations. I highly recommend their services to anyone in the Tampa area seeking a reliable and thorough water treatment solution.

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Mark H

average rating is 5 out of 5, based on 150 votes, Product ratings

Pinellas Park, FL

I'm delighted to share my positive experience with Aqua-Wise.com. Their installation services for our point of entry and RO system were exceptional. The team exhibited professionalism and efficiency throughout the process. Additionally, opting for their financial option at just $69 made the entire service even more accessible for my family. We're thoroughly satisfied with the results and highly recommend Aqua-Wise for their quality work and flexible payment plans.

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Julia A

average rating is 5 out of 5, based on 150 votes, Product ratings

Saint Petersburg, FL

Comments: I am so glad that I chose Aqua Wise for our water softener and RO installation. It was ultimately a decision for our health, but it's a big purchase and we wanted to make sure we were in good hands. Eyal explained everything every step of the way. You can tell he is very knowledgeable and passionate about water quality. He and his son came out quickly and the installation was seamless. We needed an electrician as well to come out and install a power supply, which Eyal also arranged for. They offer financing options as well, and they are reasonably priced in my opinion. I highly recommend Aqua Wise for your home's water needs, and supporting a local family owned business. Thank you Aqua Wise!

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